Next Emerging Technologies

Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are closely related fields of technology that involve the development of systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognising images, making decisions, and learning from experience. AI refers to the broader concept of machines being able to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, while ML is a specific type of AI that involves training systems to improve their performance at a task using data, without being explicitly programmed.

The global AI market is projected to reach $190.61 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 42.2% during the forecast period. Similarly, the global Machine Learning market is projected to reach $9.5 billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of 44.1% during the forecast period.

Some of the top companies in the forefront of AI and ML are Google , Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, OpenAI, Apple, IBM, Baidu, Tencent, Intel, Nvidia, Salesforce, SAP, Oracle, Accenture, Wipro, Infosys, Cognizant, TCS, HCL and L&T.

Edge Computing

Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the devices that generate the data. It is a way to process and analyse data at the edge of the network, near the source of the data, rather than sending all the data to a centralised location for processing. This approach can reduce the amount of data that needs to be sent to the cloud or a data centre, which can save bandwidth and reduce latency.

Edge computing has a variety of use cases such as IoT, Industry 4.0, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities. The IoT devices, such as sensors and cameras, can perform some level of data processing on the device itself before sending it to the cloud or a data center, which can reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and increase the speed of data analysis. In the case of autonomous vehicles, the edge computing can allow the vehicles to make decisions quickly and efficiently, based on the data from sensors, cameras and GPS, without relying on the cloud.

The market for edge computing is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of IoT devices and the growing demand for more efficient and faster data processing. The global market for edge computing is expected to reach $9.81 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 32.8% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Companies such as AWS, Microsoft, Google, IBM, and Dell are among the leaders in the edge computing market. These companies are developing and offering edge computing solutions and platforms to help organisations implement edge computing in their operations. Additionally, many startups are also active in this field, as it is still relatively new and has a lot of potential.

IoT (Internet of Things)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnectedness of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data with each other and with a central system. This technology allows for the collection and analysis of data from these connected devices to improve efficiency, safety, and convenience in a wide range of industries and applications. Examples include smart home systems, connected cars, and industrial IoT systems used in manufacturing and logistics.

Some of the leading companies in IoT are Cisco, IBM, GE Digital, Intel, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, Siemens, PTC, Bosch and Honeywell.

The increasing adoption of IoT technology in various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation is driving the growth of the market. The growing demand for connected devices, rising investment in IoT infrastructure, and the increasing adoption of cloud computing are also contributing to the growth of the market.

The global IoT market size is expected to grow from USD 190.6 billion in 2020 to USD 281.7 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period. North America is expected to hold the largest share of the IoT market during the forecast period, due to the presence of a large number of IoT solution providers and the early adoption of IoT technology in the region.

Advanced networking Technologies

Advance network technologies is new and emerging technologies that are used to improve the performance, security, and reliability of computer networks. Examples of these technologies include 5G, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. These technologies are designed to increase network capacity, reduce latency, and improve the overall user experience for applications such as streaming video, online gaming, and other data-intensive tasks. Additionally, advance network technologies are also used to improve network security, by providing better visibility and control over network traffic and by making it easier to detect and respond to cyber threats.

Some of the leading companies in Advance Network Technologies are Cisco, Juniper Networks, Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei and Arista.

The global market for software-defined networking (SDN) is expected to grow from $4.5 billion in 2020 to $12.5 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 22.5% and the global market for network function virtualisation (NFV) is expected to grow from $3.2 billion in 2020 to $9.8 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 24.1%. The global 5G market size to grow from USD 4.2 billion in 2020 to USD 9.3 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 17.5%.

Internet of Things (IoT) is also expected to be a major contributor in advanced network technologies revenues, which is expected to reach $1.4 trillion by 2027.

XaaS

XaaS stands for "anything as a service." It is a business model where a company provides a service, such as software or hardware, over the internet. This allows customers to access the service without having to purchase and maintain their own infrastructure. Examples of XaaS include Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Hardware as a Service (HaaS).

Some of the leading companies are: Software as a Service (SaaS): Salesforce, Microsoft, and Adobe are all examples of companies that provide SaaS solutions.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform are all examples of companies that provide IaaS solutions.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): Heroku, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, and Google App Engine are all examples of companies that provide PaaS solutions.

Hardware as a Service (HaaS): Dell EMC, HPE, and IBM are all examples of companies that provide HaaS solutions.

The global XaaS market size was valued at USD 308.4 billion in 2019 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.2% from 2020 to 2027

Server-less computing

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider is responsible for executing a piece of code by dynamically allocating the resources and scaling the underlying infrastructure. This allows developers to focus on writing code without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure. Some examples of serverless technologies include AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions.

Some of the leading companies in serverless computing include AWS Lambda (Amazon Web Services), Azure Functions (Microsoft Azure), Google Cloud Functions (Google Cloud Platform), and Cloudflare Workers (Cloudflare).

The global serverless computing market size is expected to grow from USD 2.5 billion in 2020 to USD 12.5 billion by 2025, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 37.5%.

Facial & Biometrics Security

Facial recognition technology uses a camera to capture an image of a person's face, and then compares it to a database of stored images in order to identify the person. Biometrics refers to the use of unique physical characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial features, to identify an individual. Facial recognition can be used for security purposes, such as unlocking a device or accessing secure areas, while biometrics can also include other forms of identification such as fingerprint, iris, voice, and signature recognition. There are many benefits of using facial recognition and biometric security systems, such as convenience and increased security, but there are also concerns about privacy and potential misuse of the technology.

Some of the leading companies in Facial & Biometrics Security are Face++. Cognitec, NEC, BioID, Ayonix, Safran, Sensible Vision and Idemia. Some of the other notable companies in this field include 3M, AOptix Technologies, Aware Inc, Crossmatch, Daon and FaceFirst.

The global market for facial recognition and biometric security technology is growing rapidly, with revenues expected to reach $7 billion by 2023. The increasing adoption of facial recognition technology in various applications such as security, surveillance, and mobile devices is driving the growth of the market. Additionally, the growing use of biometrics in various industries such as healthcare, banking and finance, and government is also contributing to the growth of the market.

North America is expected to dominate the global facial recognition market, followed by Asia Pacific. The high adoption of facial recognition technology in the US and Canada, and the increasing use of biometrics in various industries in the region, are the major factors driving the growth of the market in North America. Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by the increasing adoption of facial recognition technology in various applications such as security, surveillance, and mobile devices in countries such as China and India.

Quantum computing

Quantum computing is a technology that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform operations on data. Unlike classical computers, which use bits to represent data, quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, which allows quantum computers to perform certain types of computations much faster than classical computers.

Quantum computing technology is still in its early stages of development, but it has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of industries by solving problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. For example, it can be used to improve the efficiency of machine learning algorithms, optimize complex logistical systems, and perform complex simulations that have implications in fields like chemistry, materials science, and drug discovery.

There are two main approaches to building quantum computers: the quantum gate model and the topological model. The quantum gate model relies on controlling the interactions between individual qubits to perform quantum computations, while the topological model uses anyons, which are quasiparticles that can exist in two dimensions.

Currently, major companies like IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel and Alibaba, as well as smaller players like IonQ, Rigetti Computing, Xanadu are actively working on developing the technology and making it more accessible for commercial and research use.

It is worth noting that quantum computing is still in its early stage, and it is not yet clear when practical applications of the technology will be available, but it is expected that in the future it will have a big impact on many fields such as information security, cryptography, and artificial intelligence.

The global quantum computing market is expected to reach $1.97 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 35.2% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023. The increasing demand for quantum computing technology in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and defence is driving the growth of the market. The growing need for high-performance computing and the increasing adoption of quantum computing in research and development activities are also contributing to the growth of the market.

North America is expected to dominate the global quantum computing market, followed by Asia Pacific. The high adoption of quantum computing technology in the US and Canada, and the increasing use of quantum computing in various industries in the region, are the major factors driving the growth of the market in North America. Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by the increasing adoption of quantum computing technology in countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea.

Augmented & virtual reality

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are technologies that are used to enhance or create immersive digital experiences.

Augmented reality (AR) refers to the integration of digital information with the user's environment in real time. It involves overlaying digital content, such as images, videos, or 3D models, on top of the real-world environment, typically through a smartphone or tablet device. This technology is widely used in fields such as education, gaming, and industrial design.

Virtual reality (VR) refers to the creation of a computer-generated environment that simulates a real-world experience. It involves wearing a headset that covers the eyes and ears, and sometimes gloves or other equipment, to immerse the user in a digital environment. VR technology is used in a variety of applications, including gaming, education, therapy, and entertainment.

Both AR and VR have a variety of use cases in different fields, such as gaming, education, training, healthcare, real estate and many more.

Companies such as Oculus VR, HTC, Sony, and Google are among the leaders in the VR market, while companies such as Apple, Google, and Microsoft are investing in AR technology. There are also many startups and smaller companies that are actively working on developing and advancing these technologies.

The market for augmented and virtual reality is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for immersive digital experiences. The global market for AR and VR is expected to reach $209.2 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 43.1% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Robotics & automation

Robotics and automation is the use of machines and technology to perform tasks that would otherwise be done by humans.

Robotics is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots. Robotics technology can be divided into two main categories: industrial robots, which are used in manufacturing and other industrial applications, and service robots, which are used in non-industrial applications such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

Automation refers to the use of technology to control and monitor processes, reducing the need for human intervention. Automation technology can be applied in a wide range of industries, such as manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture. Automation technologies include programmable logic controllers (PLCs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and industrial robots.

Robotics and automation have been driving significant changes across many industries, by increasing productivity, accuracy and efficiency while reducing costs, and improving safety. The growing adoption of these technologies in various industries such as manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture is driving the growth of the market.

Companies such as ABB, Fanuc, KUKA, Yaskawa and Mitsubishi Electric are among the leaders in the industrial robotics market, while companies such as Softbank Robotics, Boston Dynamics and UBTECH are among the leaders in the service robots market.

The market for robotics and automation is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient, cost-effective and safe operations.

The global market for robotics and automation is expected to reach $196.1 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 17.1% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Self driving vehicles

Self-driving vehicles, also known as autonomous vehicles or driverless cars, are vehicles that are capable of sensing their environment and navigating without human input.

They use a combination of technologies such as sensors, cameras, lidar, radar, and GPS to understand their surroundings and make decisions about how to navigate.

There are different levels of autonomy for self-driving vehicles, with level 0 being no automation and level 5 being fully autonomous.

Currently, most self-driving vehicles on the road are at level 2 or level 3, which means that they can assist the driver with certain tasks but still require human supervision. Fully autonomous vehicles (level 5) are still in the development stage.

Self-driving vehicles have the potential to revolutionise the transportation industry by increasing safety, reducing the need for human drivers, and improving traffic flow. They can also provide mobility for people who are unable to drive, such as the elderly or disabled.

Companies such as Waymo, Tesla, GM Cruise, Aptiv, and Baidu are among the leaders in the development of self-driving technology. These companies are developing the technology and testing it on public roads in order to bring it to market.

The market for self-driving vehicles is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient, cost-effective and safe transportation.

The global market for self-driving vehicles is expected to reach $556.67 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 39.47% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2026.

Gene editing & precision medicine

Gene editing and precision medicine are closely related fields that involve the use of cutting-edge technology to improve human health.

Gene editing is a technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of living cells. The most commonly used method for gene editing is CRISPR-Cas9, which is a system that can be programmed to target specific locations in the genome, allowing scientists to add, delete or replace specific genes. This technology has the potential to treat or cure a wide range of genetic diseases by correcting the genetic mutations that cause them.

Precision medicine is an approach to healthcare that uses an individual's genetic information, medical history, and other data to personalise treatment and prevention. By understanding the underlying genetic causes of a disease, doctors can more effectively target treatments to the specific needs of each patient. This approach has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatment, reduce the risk of side effects, and improve overall health outcomes.

The field of gene editing is still in its early stages, but it is expected to have a significant impact on human health in the future. Companies such as CRISPR Therapeutics, Editas Medicine and Intellia Therapeutics are among the leaders in the development of gene-editing technology and therapies.

Precision medicine is also gaining traction and it is expected to have a significant impact on healthcare industry. Companies such as 23andMe, Invitae, Foundation Medicine and Natera are among the leaders in precision medicine and the development of genetic testing and personalised medicine.

The market for gene editing and precision medicine is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in the healthcare industry and the growing demand for more effective and personalised medical treatments.

The global market for gene editing is expected to reach $10.7 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 19.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025. The global market for precision medicine is expected to reach $140 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 21.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2026.

Renewable & advanced energy technologies

Renewable and advanced energy technologies is the use of sustainable and clean energy sources to generate electricity and power for transportation and other uses.

Renewable energy technologies include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. These technologies harness natural energy sources, such as the sun, wind, and water, to generate electricity without producing harmful emissions. They can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, help combat climate change and promote energy security.

Advanced energy technologies include technologies such as advanced nuclear, energy storage, carbon capture, and hydrogen fuel cells. These technologies are designed to improve the efficiency, performance and environmental impact of traditional energy sources. They can help reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels, improve the stability and reliability of the power grid and provide more flexibility in the use of energy.

The market for renewable and advanced energy technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more sustainable and clean energy sources.

The global market for renewable energy is expected to reach $2,180 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 10.7% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022. The global market for advanced energy is expected to reach $1,715 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Companies such as Vestas, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, GE Renewable Energy, and Goldwind are among the leaders in the renewable energy industry. Companies such as Tesla, Panasonic, and Siemens are among the leaders in the advanced energy technology industry.

Advanced manufacturing

Advanced manufacturing is the use of cutting-edge technologies and techniques to improve the efficiency, productivity, and quality of manufacturing processes. It involves the integration of technologies such as automation, robotics, 3D printing, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) into the manufacturing process.

Advanced manufacturing technologies can be used in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical devices, and consumer products. These technologies can help manufacturers reduce costs, increase efficiency, and improve product quality. They also enable new manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing (3D printing) and on-demand production, which can reduce the need for large inventory and warehousing.

One of the most well-known forms of advanced manufacturing is Industry 4.0, also known as the fourth industrial revolution. It is based on the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI, and cloud computing into manufacturing processes. This concept aims to create a fully connected and adaptable value chain, from raw materials to the end customer, with the goal of improving productivity and efficiency, enabling new business models and creating new ways of working.

The market for advanced manufacturing is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and high-quality manufacturing processes.

The global market for advanced manufacturing is expected to reach $505.9 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 11.2%.

Space exploration & colonisation

Space exploration is the study of the earth and the universe beyond our planet. It involves the use of spacecraft and other technologies to collect data and make observations about the universe, including planets, stars, galaxies, and other celestial bodies. Space exploration is a field that requires collaboration among scientists, engineers, and policymakers, and it is a field that has grown significantly in recent years with the help of private companies and international cooperation.

Space colonisation is the concept of establishing permanent human settlements on other celestial bodies, such as the Moon, Mars, and asteroids. It is a long-term goal that would require significant technological advancements, as well as international cooperation and funding.

Space exploration and colonisation are driven by a variety of factors, including scientific curiosity, the search for resources, and the desire to find new ways to sustain human life.

In recent years, private companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic have made significant progress in developing reusable rockets, spacecraft, and other technologies that could be used for space exploration and colonisation. NASA and other government space agencies around the world are also actively working on space exploration and colonisation projects, such as the Artemis program which aims to land humans on the moon by 2024 and establish a sustainable presence on the lunar surface.

The market for space exploration and colonisation is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing interest in space exploration and the growing demand for space-based technologies and services.

The global market for space exploration and colonisation is expected to reach $2.7 trillion by 2040, growing at a CAGR of 5.1%.

Advanced materials & Nanotechnology

Advanced materials and nanotechnology are closely related fields that involve the development and use of new materials and technologies at the nanoscale.

Advanced materials refer to materials that have superior properties compared to traditional materials, such as higher strength, lighter weight, better heat resistance, and improved electrical conductivity. These materials have a wide range of applications, including aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics. Some examples of advanced materials include carbon fiber composites, ceramics, and alloys.

Nanotechnology is the manipulation and engineering of materials at the atomic and molecular scale. It involves the use of materials and technologies that are less than 100 nanometers in size. These materials have unique properties and behaviours due to their small size, and have a wide range of applications, including medical devices, electronics, energy storage, and water purification. Some examples of nanotechnology include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanoparticles.

The market for advanced materials and nanotechnology is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more advanced and efficient materials.

The global market for advanced materials is expected to reach $1310 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025. The global market for nanotechnology is expected to reach $65.3 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 11.2% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025.

Companies such as DuPont, 3M, Dow Chemical, and BASF are among the leaders in the advanced materials market while companies such as Nanometrics, Veeco Instruments, and FEI Company are among the leaders in the nanotechnology market.

Biotechnology & synthetic biology

Biotechnology and synthetic biology are closely related fields that involve the use of technology to understand and manipulate biological systems.

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells, and their derivatives to create new products and technologies. It involves the use of techniques such as genetic engineering, fermentation, and cell culture to produce a wide range of products, such as drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tests.

Biotechnology also includes applications in agriculture, such as genetically modified crops, and in environmental management, such as bioremediation.

Synthetic biology is a subfield of biotechnology that involves the design, construction, and manipulation of biological parts, devices, and systems that do not occur in nature. It uses techniques from engineering, computer science, and molecular biology to create new biological systems with specific functions. Synthetic biology has a variety of applications, such as the production of biofuels, the creation of new drugs, and the engineering of microorganisms for biotechnology and bio-manufacturing.

Companies such as Amgen, Genentech, and Gilead Sciences are among the leaders in the biotechnology market, while companies such as Synthetic Genomics, Amyris, and Gen9 are among the leaders in the synthetic biology market.

The global market for biotechnology is expected to reach $778.8 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023. The growing demand for biopharmaceuticals, an increase in the number of FDA approvals for biologics, and the rising adoption of bio-similars are the major factors driving the growth of the biotechnology market.

The global market for synthetic biology is expected to reach $10.8 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 21.4% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023. The increasing demand for synthetic biology in various applications such as biofuels, biopharmaceuticals, and diagnostics, and the rising investment in the field are the major factors driving the growth of the synthetic biology market.

Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and human languages. It involves the use of computer algorithms to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a way that mimics human communication. NLP technologies are used to process and analyse large amounts of unstructured text and speech data, such as social media posts, customer reviews, and call centre transcripts.

NLP applications include:

Speech recognition: converting spoken language into text.
Text-to-speech: converting text into spoken language.
Sentiment analysis: determining the emotional tone of text.
Named entity recognition: identifying people, organisations, and locations in text.
Machine translation: translating text from one language to another.
Text summarisation: automatically generating a summary of text.
Question answering: providing answers to natural language questions.

Companies such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Amazon, and SAS are among the leaders in NLP, offering a wide range of NLP services and tools, such as speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and machine translation.

Additionally, many startups are also active in this field, as the technology continues to evolve and new use cases are constantly being discovered.

The market for NLP is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing amount of unstructured data and the growing demand for more efficient and accurate ways to process and analyse this data.

The global market for NLP is expected to reach $16.07 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 15.2% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023.

3D printing

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a technology that creates three-dimensional objects by building them up layer by layer from a digital model. The process involves using a 3D printer to deposit material, such as plastic, metal, or ceramic, in a precise manner to create an object. The material is typically deposited in thin layers, with the printer building the object one layer at a time.

There are several different types of 3D printing technologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include:

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): uses a heated nozzle to extrude melted thermoplastic material in a controlled manner.
Stereolithography (SLA): uses a UV laser to harden a photopolymer resin layer by layer.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS): uses a laser to heat and fuse powders, such as nylon or metal, into a solid object.
Directed Energy Deposition (DED): uses a high-powered laser or electron beam to melt and deposit metal wire or powder.

3D printing has a wide range of applications, including in manufacturing, engineering, healthcare, and architecture. In manufacturing, 3D printing can be used to create prototypes and moulds, as well as to produce small-scale production runs. In healthcare, 3D printing is used to create customised prosthetics and implants, as well as to print medical models for training and planning surgeries.

The market for 3D printing is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of 3D printing in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing methods.

The global market for 3D printing is expected to reach $35.8 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 17.2% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023.

The increasing adoption of 3D printing in various end-use industries, such as healthcare, aerospace, and automotive, and the growing demand for more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing methods are the major factors driving the growth of the 3D printing market.

Agri & food production technologies

Agri and food production technologies is the use of cutting-edge technologies and techniques to improve the efficiency, productivity, and quality of agricultural and food production processes.

Agri-technologies include precision agriculture, which utilises data analysis, sensor technology and GPS to optimise crop yields and reduce waste. This can include precision planting, monitoring crop health and soil conditions, and precision irrigation. Additionally, precision agriculture can help farmers to reduce the use of water and fertilisers, and to make more informed decisions about planting and harvesting.

Food production technologies include food processing, packaging and preservation. These technologies can help to improve the safety, quality, and shelf life of food products, while also reducing food waste. Food processing technologies, such as high-pressure processing and pasteurisation, can help to improve the safety and quality of food. Food packaging and preservation technologies, such as modified atmosphere packaging, can help to extend the shelf life of food products and reduce food waste.

The market for agri and food production technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and sustainable food production.

The global market for precision agriculture is expected to reach $11.23 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 12.1% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023. The global market for food processing is expected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 4.3% during the period of 2018 to 2023.

Education & distance learning technologies

Education and distance learning technologies is the use of technology to enhance the learning experience, both in traditional classroom settings and in online or distance learning environments.

Distance learning technologies include online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and video conferencing tools, which are used to facilitate remote learning and enable students to learn from anywhere at any time. These technologies allow for the creation of interactive and engaging online learning experiences, and enable students to access educational resources and communicate with their instructors and classmates remotely.

Education technologies include learning management systems (LMS), educational software, and interactive whiteboards, which are used to enhance the traditional classroom learning experience. These technologies can be used to create interactive and engaging learning experiences, to manage and track student progress, and to provide students with access to educational resources.

The market for education and distance learning technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and effective ways of learning.

The global market for education technology is expected to reach $252 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023. The global market for distance learning is expected to reach $325 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025.

There are several leading companies in the education and distance learning technology market, which include:

Blackboard: Blackboard is a provider of education technology solutions, including a learning management system (LMS) and other tools for online and blended learning.
D2L (Desire2Learn): D2L is a provider of cloud-based learning platforms and solutions for educational institutions and businesses.
Canvas (Instructure): Canvas is a cloud-based learning management system (LMS) that allows educators to create and manage online learning experiences.
Schoology: Schoology is a provider of a learning management system (LMS) and other education technology solutions for K-12 schools and higher education institutions.
Moodle: Moodle is an open-source learning management system (LMS) used by schools, universities, and businesses worldwide.
Zoom: Zoom is a provider of video conferencing and collaboration solutions for distance learning and remote working.
Google Classroom: Google Classroom is a free web service developed by Google for schools that aims to simplify creating, distributing and grading assignments.
Coursera: Coursera is an online learning platform that offers courses from top universities and organisations.
Udemy: Udemy is an online learning platform that offers a wide range of courses for professionals and individuals.
edX: edX is a non-profit online learning platform that offers courses from the world's top universities and organizations.

Advanced batteries & energy storage technologies

Advanced batteries and energy storage technologies is the use of cutting-edge technologies and techniques to improve the efficiency, performance, and safety of batteries and energy storage systems. These technologies are used to store and discharge electrical energy, and can be used in a wide range of applications, including renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage.

Advanced batteries include lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, meaning they can store a lot of energy in a small space, and they are also relatively safe and long-lasting. Other advanced batteries include solid-state batteries, which have the potential to provide even higher energy densities and longer lifetimes than lithium-ion batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, which are similar to lithium-ion batteries but use sodium instead of lithium.

Energy storage technologies include flow batteries, which store energy in liquid electrolytes, and compressed air energy storage, which stores energy in compressed air. These technologies can be used to store energy from renewable sources, such as solar and wind power, and release it as needed.

Leading companies in the advanced batteries and energy storage technology market include Tesla, Panasonic, and Samsung SDI, which are major manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries. Other companies in this field include General Electric, which is developing advanced flow batteries, and LightSail Energy, which is developing compressed air energy storage systems.

The market for advanced batteries and energy storage technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions.

The global market for advanced batteries is expected to reach $93.1 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 14.2% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025. The global market for energy storage is expected to reach $1.3 trillion by 2040, growing at a CAGR of 10.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2040.

Data analytics and visualisation tools

Data analytics and visualisation tools is the software and technologies used to collect, process, analyse, and visualise large amounts of data. These tools are used to gain insights from data, identify patterns and trends, and make data-driven decisions.

Data analytics tools include:

Business Intelligence (BI) software: used to analyse data from various sources and present it in an easy-to-understand format, such as charts and graphs.
Data mining software: used to extract valuable information from large data sets and identify patterns and trends.
Statistical software: used to perform complex statistical analysis and modelling on data.

Data visualisation tools include:

Dashboards and reporting tools: used to display data in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, and maps, to help users understand and analyse the data.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS): used to create maps and other visual representations of data that are geographically-referenced.

Leading companies in the data analytics and visualisation tool market include Tableau, Qlik, and Microsoft, which offer a wide range of data visualisation and business intelligence software. Other companies in this field include Looker, SAP, and TIBCO, which offer data visualisation and analytics platforms and services. IBM, SAS, and Oracle are also major players in this field, providing a wide range of data analytics, visualisation and data management tools.

The market for data analytics and visualisation tools is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing amount of data being generated and the growing demand for more efficient and accurate ways to process and analyse this data.

The global market for data visualisation is expected to reach $11.79 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 12.4% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023.

Sensors & monitoring systems

Sensors and monitoring systems is the technologies and devices used to measure, detect, and track various physical, chemical, or biological parameters, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, motion, and chemical composition. These systems are used to collect data in real-time, and can be integrated into a wide range of applications, such as industrial automation, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and security.

Sensors can be classified into different categories, including:

Mechanical sensors: measure physical parameters such as position, motion, and force.
Thermal sensors: measure temperature.
Optical sensors: measure light, colour, and image.
Chemical sensors: measure chemical composition and concentration.
Biomedical sensors: measure biological parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Monitoring systems include wired and wireless systems that collect, process and transmit sensor data, and can include components such as gateways, hubs, software, and cloud-based platforms.

Leading companies in the sensors and monitoring systems market include Honeywell, Siemens, and General Electric, which offer a wide range of sensors and monitoring systems for various applications. Other companies in this field include Sensirion, Texas Instruments, and ABB, which also offer sensors and monitoring systems for different industries.

The market for sensors and monitoring systems is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing adoption of these technologies in various industries and the growing demand for more efficient and accurate ways to collect and analyse data.

The global market for sensors is expected to reach $158.1 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022. The global market for monitoring systems is expected to reach $354.3 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Water treatment & purification technologies

Water treatment and purification technologies is the use of various methods and technologies to remove impurities and contaminants from water, making it safe to drink or use for other purposes. These technologies include physical, chemical, and biological processes that are used to treat and purify water from various sources, such as surface water, groundwater, and seawater.

Water treatment technologies include:

Physical treatment methods: such as sedimentation, filtration, and membrane filtration, that remove suspended solids and other particles from water.
Chemical treatment methods: such as coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection, that remove dissolved impurities and pathogens from water.
Biological treatment methods: such as aeration, activated sludge, and bio-filtration, that remove dissolved and suspended impurities from water using microorganisms.

Water purification technologies include:

Reverse osmosis (RO): a membrane filtration technology that removes dissolved impurities from water.
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection: a technology that uses UV light to kill pathogens in water.
Ion exchange: a technology that removes dissolved impurities from water using ion exchange resins.

Leading companies in the water treatment and purification technologies market include Veolia, SUEZ, and Xylem, which offer a wide range of water treatment and purification technologies for various applications. Other companies in this field include Dow Water & Process Solutions, GE Water & Process Technologies, and Lenntech, which also offer water treatment and purification systems for different industries.

The market for water treatment and purification technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for safe and clean water, and the growing need for more efficient and sustainable water treatment and purification methods.

The global market for water treatment is expected to reach $194.8 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2027.

Weather forecasting & climate modelling systems

Sensors and monitoring systems are the technologies and devices used to measure, detect, and track various physical, chemical, or biological parameters, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, motion, and chemical composition. These systems are used to collect data in real-time, and can be integrated into a wide range of applications, such as industrial automation, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and security.

Sensors can be classified into different categories, including:

Mechanical sensors: measure physical parameters such as position, motion, and force.
Thermal sensors: measure temperature.
Optical sensors: measure light, colour, and image.
Chemical sensors: measure chemical composition and concentration.
Biomedical sensors: measure biological parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Monitoring systems include wired and wireless systems that collect, process and transmit sensor data, and can include components such as gateways, hubs, software, and cloud-based platforms.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting internet-connected systems, including hardware, software, and data, from attack, damage, or unauthorised access. The goal of cybersecurity is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and systems by implementing various security controls, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, antivirus software, and encryption.

There are several types of cybersecurity threats, including:

Malware: malicious software that can damage or disrupt systems, steal data, or gain unauthorised access to networks and systems.
Phishing: the use of social engineering techniques to trick individuals into providing sensitive information or clicking on malicious links.
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks: attempts to make a network or system unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic or requests.
Advanced Persistent Threats (APT): a type of cyberattack that seeks to gain unauthorised access to a network or system and then remain undetected for an extended period of time.

Leading companies in the cybersecurity market include Cisco, McAfee, and Symantec, which offer a wide range of cybersecurity products and services for various applications. Other companies in this field include Palo Alto Networks, Check Point Software Technologies, and FireEye, which also offer cybersecurity solutions for different industries.

The market for cybersecurity is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing number of internet-connected devices, the growing use of cloud computing, and the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks.

The global market for cybersecurity is expected to reach $248.26 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 11.9% during the period of 2018 to 2023.

Geospatial technologies

Geospatial technologies is a set of tools and techniques used to collect, process, analyse, and visualise data that has a geographic component. This includes satellite imagery, aerial photography, and ground-based surveys, which are used to create digital maps, 3D models, and other geographic information products. These technologies are used in a wide range of applications, including land use planning, environmental management, natural resource exploration, transportation, and defence.

Geospatial technologies include:

Remote sensing: the use of sensors on aircraft and satellites to collect data about the earth's surface.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS): software systems used to manage, analyse, and display geographic data.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS): systems that use satellites to determine the location of a device on the earth's surface.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): a remote sensing technology that uses laser beams to measure the distance to the earth's surface and create high-resolution 3D maps.
Photogrammetry: the use of photographs to measure and map the earth's surface.

Leading companies in the geospatial technologies market include Esri, Trimble, and Hexagon, which offer a wide range of geospatial products and services for various applications. Other companies in this field include Intergraph, Autodesk, and Bentley Systems, which also offer geospatial solutions for different industries.

The market for geospatial technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for geospatial data and services, the growing use of location-based technologies and the increasing adoption of smart cities and smart infrastructure.

The global market for geospatial technologies is expected to reach $344.5 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 12.7% during the period of 2017 to 2022.

Medical diagnosis and disease treatment technologies

Medical diagnosis and disease treatment technologies is the use of various methods and technologies to diagnose and treat illnesses and diseases. These technologies include diagnostic tools such as imaging equipment, lab tests, and genetic testing, as well as treatment methods such as medication, surgery, and radiation therapy.

Medical diagnostic technologies include:

Medical imaging: the use of various modalities such as X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound to create detailed images of the body's internal structures.
Laboratory testing: the use of lab tests to analyse bodily fluids and tissues to identify markers of disease.
Genetic testing: the use of DNA analysis to identify changes in genes that may indicate an increased risk of certain diseases or disorders.

Medical treatment technologies include:

Medication: the use of drugs to treat and prevent illnesses and diseases.
Surgery: the use of invasive procedures to diagnose or treat illnesses and diseases.
Radiation therapy: the use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumours.
Biologics: medical treatments that use biological materials to treat illnesses and diseases.
Regenerative medicine: using of cell and gene therapies to repair or replace damaged or diseased cells, tissues or organs.

Leading companies in the medical diagnosis and disease treatment technologies market include GE Healthcare, Philips, and Siemens Healthineers, which offer a wide range of diagnostic and treatment equipment and services for various applications. Other companies in this field include Thermo Fisher Scientific, Becton, Dickinson and Company, and Roche Diagnostics, which also offer diagnostic and treatment solutions for different industries.

The market for medical diagnosis and disease treatment technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for more accurate and efficient diagnostic methods, the growing ageing population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases.

The global market for medical diagnostic technologies is expected to reach $171.8 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022. The global market for medical treatment technologies is expected to reach $1.1 trillion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Fitness tracking & performance enhancement technologies

Fitness tracking and performance enhancement technologies is a range of tools and devices used to measure and monitor fitness and physical activity levels and to improve athletic performance. These technologies include wearables such as fitness trackers, smartwatches, and heart rate monitors, as well as training and coaching apps and software.

Fitness tracking technologies include:

Wearable fitness trackers: devices worn on the body that track and monitor physical activity levels, sleep patterns, and other health metrics.
Smartwatches: devices that combine the functionality of a fitness tracker with other features such as phone notifications and GPS tracking.
Heart rate monitors: devices worn on the body that measure and track heart rate during physical activity.

Performance enhancement technologies include:

Training and coaching apps: software that provides personalised training programs, tracks progress, and provides feedback and guidance.
Sports science technologies: equipment and technologies used to measure and analyse athletic performance, such as GPS tracking, bio-mechanical analysis, and force plates.
Virtual and augmented reality: technologies used to enhance training and coaching, allowing for immersive training experiences and virtual simulations of real-world scenarios.

Leading companies in the fitness tracking and performance enhancement technologies market include Fitbit, Garmin, and Apple, which offer a wide range of wearables and software for tracking fitness and activity levels. Other companies in this field include Samsung, Xiaomi, and Withings, which also offer fitness tracking and performance enhancement technologies.

The market for fitness tracking and performance enhancement technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the growing interest in fitness and health, the increasing adoption of wearable technology, and the growing use of mobile and connected devices.

The global market for fitness tracking and performance enhancement technology is expected to reach $54.9 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 11.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. The increasing demand for wearable technology, growing awareness of the importance of physical activity and fitness, and the growing use of mobile and connected devices are driving the growth of this market. Additionally, the increasing adoption of telemedicine and remote monitoring solutions, and the rising trend of gamification in fitness are also expected to boost the growth of this market.

Mining & resource extraction technologies

Mining and resource extraction technologies is the use of various methods and technologies to extract and process natural resources such as minerals, metals, oil, and gas. These technologies include drilling, blasting, excavating, and processing techniques that are used to extract and process these resources in an efficient and environmentally sustainable way.

Mining technologies include:

Surface mining: the use of heavy equipment to remove overburden and extract minerals and other resources from the earth's surface.
Underground mining: the use of tunnels and shafts to access and extract minerals and other resources from beneath the earth's surface.
Mineral processing: the use of various methods to separate and extract valuable minerals from ore.

Resource extraction technologies include:

Drilling technologies: the use of drilling equipment to extract oil, gas, and other resources from beneath the earth's surface.
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking): the use of high-pressure water and chemicals to crack rock and extract oil and gas.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR): the use of various methods to increase the amount of oil that can be extracted from a reservoir.

Leading companies in the mining and resource extraction technologies market include Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Liebherr, which offer a wide range of equipment and machinery for mining and resource extraction. Other companies in this field include Sandvik, Atlas Copco, and Joy Global, which also offer mining and resource extraction technologies for different industries.

The market for mining and resource extraction technologies is expected to grow in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for natural resources and the growing need for more efficient and sustainable extraction methods.

The global market for mining and resource extraction technologies is expected to reach $196.7 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2025.

Drone & advanced military technologies

Drone and advanced military technologies is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other advanced technologies in military and defence operations. These technologies include drones, stealth aircraft, missile defence systems, and electronic warfare systems, among others.

Drone technologies include:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): aircraft that are operated remotely or autonomously to perform various tasks such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and target identification.
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs): drones that are equipped with weapons and are used for strike missions.

Advanced military technologies include:

Stealth aircraft: aircraft designed to be difficult to detect by radar and other sensors.
Missiles defence systems: systems that are used to detect, track, and intercept incoming missiles.
Electronic warfare systems: systems that are used to disrupt, jam or deceive enemy communication and radar systems.
Cyber warfare: using digital attacks to disrupt, damage or destroy enemy's computer systems.

Leading companies in the drone and advanced military technologies market include Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and Boeing, which offer a wide range of drones and other advanced military technologies for various applications. Other companies in this field include General Atomics, Airbus, and Saab, which also offer drone and advanced military technologies for different industries.

The market for drone and advanced military technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing use of drones in military and defence operations, the growing demand for advanced military technologies, and the increasing focus on modernising military capabilities.

The global market for drone and advanced military technologies is expected to reach $35.2 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 9.8% during the period of 2020 to 2027.

Smart roads & traffic management technologies

Smart roads and traffic management technologies refer to the use of advanced technologies to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. These technologies include intelligent transportation systems (ITS), connected vehicles, and advanced traffic management systems (ATMS).

Smart road technologies include:

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): the use of technology to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of transportation systems.
Connected vehicles: vehicles that are equipped with wireless communication devices that allow them to communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure, such as traffic lights and road signs.
Smart parking: the use of technology to manage parking spaces, providing information to drivers about the availability of parking spots, and facilitate the payment process.

Traffic management technologies include:

Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS): systems that collect, analyse, and display traffic data, and use this information to optimise traffic flow and reduce congestion.
Intelligent traffic control systems (ITCS): systems that use sensors, cameras and other technologies to monitor traffic flow and adjust traffic signals in real-time.
Intelligent transport systems (ITS): systems that use technology to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of transportation systems.

Leading companies in the smart roads and traffic management technologies market include Siemens, Kapsch TrafficCom, and Cubic Transportation Systems, which offer a wide range of smart road and traffic management technologies for various applications. Other companies in this field include Iteris, Transcore, and Q-Free, which also offer smart roads and traffic management technologies for different industries.

The market for smart roads and traffic management technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for more efficient and sustainable transportation systems, the growing use of connected vehicles, and the increasing focus on reducing traffic congestion and improving road safety.

The global market for smart roads and traffic management technologies is expected to reach $33.5 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 11.9% during the forecast period of 2016 to 2022.

Building materials & prefabrication technologies

Building materials and prefabrication technologies is the use of advanced materials and techniques to construct buildings and structures in a more efficient, sustainable and cost-effective way. These technologies include building materials such as advanced composites, sustainable materials, and smart materials, as well as prefabrication techniques such as modular construction and 3D printing.

Building materials technologies include:

Advanced composites: materials that are made by combining two or more materials to create new materials with improved properties.
Sustainable materials: materials that are made from renewable resources and have a low environmental impact.
Smart materials: materials that can change their properties in response to environmental conditions or external stimuli.

Prefabrication technologies include:

Modular construction: the use of pre-fabricated building components that are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site.
3D printing: the use of 3D printing technology to manufacture building components and structures.
Building Information Modelling (BIM): the use of digital tools and technologies to plan, design, construct and manage buildings and infrastructure.

Leading companies in the building materials and prefabrication technologies market include LafargeHolcim, Saint-Gobain, and Kingspan Group, which offer a wide range of building materials and prefabrication technologies for various applications. Other companies in this field include Vicat, CRH plc, and Wienerberger, which also offer building materials and prefabrication technologies for different industries.

The market for building materials and prefabrication technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for more sustainable and efficient construction methods, the growing use of advanced materials and technologies and the need for reducing costs and time of construction.

The global market for building materials and prefabrication technologies is expected to reach $964 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.

Home automation technologies

Home automation technologies is the use of various electronic devices and systems to automate and control different functions of a home, such as lighting, heating, security, and entertainment. These technologies include smart home devices, home security systems, and home entertainment systems.

Home automation technologies include:

Smart home devices: devices that can be controlled remotely or automatically via a smartphone or other device, such as smart thermostats, smart lighting, and smart security cameras.
Home security systems: systems that use cameras, alarms, and other devices to monitor and protect a home from intruders and other security threats.
Home entertainment systems: systems that allow users to control and access various forms of entertainment, such as music, movies, and TV shows, from one central location.

Leading companies in the home automation technologies market include Amazon, Google, and Apple, which offer a wide range of home automation products and services for various applications. Other companies in this field include Samsung, Nest, and Honeywell, which also offer home automation solutions for different industries.

The market for home automation technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for more convenient and efficient home control, the growing adoption of smart home devices, and the increasing focus on energy efficiency and home security.

The global market for home automation technologies is expected to reach $54.9 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 11.5% during the forecast period of 2020 to 2027.

Desalination & water recycling technologies

Desalination and water recycling technologies is the use of various methods and technologies to convert saltwater into freshwater or to treat and recycle wastewater for reuse. These technologies include reverse osmosis, thermal distillation, and membrane filtration, among others.

Desalination technologies include:

Reverse osmosis: the use of a semi-permeable membrane to filter salt and other impurities from seawater.
Thermal distillation: the use of heat to vaporise water and then condense it to produce freshwater.
Electrodialysis: the use of electric fields to separate salt and other dissolved ions from seawater.

Water recycling technologies include:

Membrane filtration: the use of semi-permeable membranes to filter and purify wastewater.
Biological treatment: the use of microorganisms to break down and remove pollutants from wastewater.
Chemical treatment: the use of chemicals to remove pollutants from wastewater.

Leading companies in the desalination and water recycling technologies market include Veolia, Suez, and Evoqua Water Technologies, which offer a wide range of desalination and water recycling technologies for various applications.

Other companies in this field include GE Water & Process Technologies, Hitachi, and IDE Technologies, which also offer desalination and water recycling technologies for different industries.

The market for desalination and water recycling technologies is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources, the growing demand for more sustainable water management solutions, and the increasing focus on reducing water consumption and waste.

The global market for desalination and water recycling technologies is expected to reach $24.3 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.6% during the period of 2017 to 2022.